The work is best known for its articulation of Marx's argument that the conditions of modern industrial societies result in the estrangement (or alienation) of wage-workers from their own products, from their own work, and in turn from themselves and from each other. The notebooks are a fragmentary, incomplete work, that range from extracts from books with comments, loosely connected notes and reflections on various topics, to a comprehensive assessment of Hegel's philosophy. The Manuscripts evolved from a proposal Marx had made in the Jahrbücher to write separate pamphlets critiquing the various topics of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's philosophy of law-law, morals, politics, etc.-ending with a general treatise that would show their interrelations. It was in this period that Marx made the acquaintance of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Louis Blanc, Heinrich Heine, Georg Herwegh, Mikhail Bakunin, Pierre Leroux and most importantly, Friedrich Engels. In Paris, he came into contact with German revolutionary artisans and secret meetings of French proletarian societies. Marx himself had taken up residence in 38 Rue Vaneau, in the Left Bank of the city, in October 1843. Several members of the philosophical milieu that he then belonged to, the Young Hegelians, had moved to Paris in the previous year to establish a journal, the Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher. Marx was at this time resident in Paris, then seen as the center of socialist thought. The Manuscripts were composed during the summer of 1844, when Marx was 25 or 26 years old.
Their publication greatly altered the reception of Marx by situating his work within a theoretical framework that had until then been unavailable to his followers. They were first released in Berlin in 1932, and in 1933, there followed a republication of this work in the Soviet Union ( Moscow- Leningrad), also in German. The notebooks were compiled in their original German in the Soviet Union by researchers at Moscow's Marx–Engels–Lenin Institute, decades after Marx's death.
ECONOMIC AND PHILOSOPHIC MANUSCRIPTS OF 1844 SERIES
The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 ( German: Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte aus dem Jahre 1844), also referred to as the Paris Manuscripts ( Pariser Manuskripte) or as the 1844 Manuscripts, are a series of notes written between April and August 1844 by Karl Marx, published posthumously in 1932.
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